부시 미국 대통령, 'G-20 정상회의 매우 성공적' '공동선언문 주요 내용'

조지 부시 미국 대통령은 금융위기 극복 방안을 논의하기 위해 개최된 G-20 정상회의가 매우 성공적이었다고 평가했습니다.  부시 대통령은 15일 첫 날 회담을 마치면서 기자들에게 세계 정상들이 각국의 금융체제를 현대화하고 금융기구들에 대한 규제를 개선하는데 서로 협조하기로 했다고 설명했습니다.

회의에 참석한 각국 정상들이 이날 발표한 공동선언문은 각국 정부가 소비 증진을 위한 경제활성화 방안을 마련할 것을 명시했습니다. 

공동선언문은 또한 각국이 정보 공유 등 상호 협조 체제를 구축해야 한다고 강조하고 있습니다.  선언은 이어 세계통화기금과 세계은행 등 국제금융기구를 개혁하고 이 두 기구가 개발도상국들의 이해를 더욱 잘 대변할 수 있게 해야 한다고 제안했습니다. 

*President George W. Bush and the G20 leaders and delegates attend the Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy Saturday, Nov. 15, 2008, at the National Museum Building in Washington, D.C. White House photo by Joyce N. Boghosian

 

 

 *President George W. Bush stands with fellow world leaders Saturday, Nov. 15, 2008, for the family photo at the Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy at the National Museum Building in Washington, D.C. White House photo by Grant Miller

15일 오전(현지시각) 미국 워싱턴 내셔널빌딩뮤지엄에서 열린 G20금융정상회의에서 이명박 대통령을 비롯한 각국정상들이 회의에 앞서 기념촬영을 하고 있다.
뒷줄 왼쪽부터 시계방향으로 마리오 드라기 금융안정화포럼(FSF) 의장, 반기문 UN사무총장, 조세 마누엘 바호주 EU집행위원장, 이탈리아 실비오 베를루스코니 총리,영국 고든 브라운 총리, 독일 앙겔라 메르켈 총리, 스페인 호세 루이스 로드리게즈 자파테로 총리, 터키 레젭 타입 에르도안 총리, 인도 만모한 싱 총리, 캐나다 스티븐 하퍼 총리,호주 케빈 러드 총리, 일본 아소 타로 총리, 로버트 졸릭 세계은행 총재, 스트로스 칸 IMF총재, 남아공 칼레마 페트루스 모틀란테 대통령, 이 대통령, 프랑스 니콜라 사르코지 대통령, 사우디아라비아 압둘라 빈 압둘 아지즈 국왕, 중국 후진타오 주석, 미국 조지 부시 대통령, 브라질 룰라 다 실바 대통령, 인도네시아 수실로 밤방 유도요노 대통령, 멕시코 펠리빼 데 헤수스 칼데론 이노호사 대통령, 아르헨티나 크리스티나 페르난데즈 대통령, 러시아 드미트리 메드베데프 대통령, 네덜란드 얀 페테르 발케넨데 총리.

 

 * G20(선진국 20개국) 정상회의  공동선언문 요지

◇ 금융위기의 원인
▲위험에 대한 적절한 평가 없이 고수익을 추구한 투자자들의 위험관리 부실 및 복잡하고 불투명한 신종금융상품.

   ▲정책결정자와 감독당국은 금융시장 위험을 충분히 인식하지 못하고 금융혁신을 따라가지 못함.

   ▲일관된 거시경제정책 및 적절한 구조개혁이 이루어지지 못함.

  
◇향후 금융시장 안정 및 실물경제 활성화 방안
▲국내여건을 감안한 적절한 통화정책 운용
▲재정의 지속가능성을 고려한 재정정책을 통한 내수진작
▲IMF의 단기유동성지원제도(Short-term Liqiuidity Facility) 등을 통한 신흥시장국에 대한 유동성 지원 필요성
▲IMF, 세계은행(World Bank) 등 국제금융기구가 위기극복을 위해 지속적인 역할을 할 수 있도록 이들 기구에 대한 재원확충 노력 강화

◇금융시장 개혁을 위한 공동원칙
▲투명성 및 책임성 강화 = 복잡한 금융상품 및 금융기관들에 대한 공시를 강화하고, 과도한 위험추구를 방지하기 위한 인센티브체제 개선
▲금융 규제,감독 개선 = 모든 금융시장, 금융상품 및 금융기관을 규제 대상으로 포함하는 한편, 금융시장의 건전성 및 리스크 관리기능 제고. 특히 신용평가사에 대한 관리·감독 강화
▲금융시장의 신뢰성 제고 = 투자자 및 소비자 보호, 이해상충(conflict of interest) 및 시장조작 행위 방지 및 정보공유 강화
▲국제협력 강화 = 규제당국의 금융시장별 협력 및 국경간 자본거래에 대한 협력 기능 강화
▲국제금융기구 개혁 = IMF, 세계은행 등 국제금융기구는 신흥개도국의 경제적 여건 변화에 맞춰 지배구조를 개선할 필요 있음.

   ▲FSF(Financial Stability Forum,금융안정포럼) 회원은 시급히 신흥개도국을 포함하는 방향으로 확대해야 함. FSF는 G7 + 5개국(호주, 싱가포르, 홍콩, 스위스, 네덜란드) 금융당국으로 구성된 국제금융시장 모니터링 기구임.

   ▲IMF는 회원국이 확대된 FSF 및 다른 기구들과 긴밀한 협조하에 위기대응에 핵심적 역할 수행해야 함.

  
◇재무장관과 전문가의 과제
▲G-20 재무장관들은 공통원칙에 입각한 중.단기 이행과제 시행을 위해 2009년도 G-20 의장국단(브라질, UK, 한국)의 주도로 구체적인 이행방안 마련
▲G-20 재무부 장관들은 다음 6가지 사항에 대해 추가적인 권고안을 마련함.

   ① 규제정책에 있어 경기순응적 요소를 완화하는 방안
② 복잡한 증권상품 등에 대한 전 세계적 회계제도 정비
③ 신용파생시장의 투명성·건전성 강화 및 시스템 위험 축소
④ 금융기관의 위험부담 및 혁신 관련 인센티브 체계 검토
⑤ 국제금융기구의 임무, 지배구조, 재원 필요성 검토
⑥ 시스템적으로 중요한 금융기구의 범위 및 이들 기구의 적절한 규제·감독수준 결정
▲이상의 실천과제들에 대한 이행실적 점검을 위해 2009년 4월 30일까지 차기회의 개최 예정

◇ 개방된 세계경제를 위한 의지 재확인

▲시장경제주의의 기본원칙을 준수하면서 보호주의 확산을 경계할 필요. 이를 위해 참석국들은 무역과 투자에 대한 새로운 장벽을 만들거나, 새로운 수출제한조치를 취하거나 WTO에 위배되는 수출촉진 정책 시행을 자제

 *President George W. Bush delivers his remarks following the conclusion of the Summit with Financial Markets and the World Economy Leaders Saturday, Nov. 15, 2008, at the National Building Museum in Washington, D.C. President Bush stated in his remarks, "The United States, in the midst of this financial crisis, will not abandon our commitments to people in the developing world." White House photo by Joyce N. Boghosian

 President Bush Attends Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy

National Building Museum
Washington, D.C.

 

2:11 P.M. EST

PRESIDENT BUSH: Welcome. Good afternoon. We just had a very productive summit meeting. Thinking about three weeks ago, when I was talking to President Sarkozy and Barroso at Camp David -- some of you were there -- I don't think we could have predicted then how productive and how successful this meeting would have been.

The first decision I had to make was who was coming to the meeting. And obviously I decided that we ought to have the G20 nations, as opposed to the G8 or the G13. But once you make the decision to have the G20, then the fundamental question is, with that many nations, from six different continents, who all represent different stages of economic development -- would it be possible to reach agreements, and not only agreements, would it be possible to reach agreements that were substantive? And I'm pleased to report the answer to that question was, absolutely.

One of the things we did, we spent time talking about the actions that we have taken. The United States has taken some extraordinary measures. Those of you who have followed my career know that I'm a free market person -- until you're told that if you don't take decisive measures then it's conceivable that our country could go into a depression greater than the Great Depression’s. So my administration has taken significant measures to deal with a credit crisis. And then we worked with Congress to deal with the credit crisis, as well.

We're beginning to see some positive results. one of the things people around the table were interested in is, are you beginning to see the results of your actions? And our credit markets are beginning to thaw, having been severely frozen; businesses are beginning to get access to short-term credit. It's going to take more time for the measures we have put in place to take hold. No question about that. As a matter of fact, we just started, for example, on the $700 billion fund to start getting money out to our banks. So it's going to take more time.

But I was pleased to tell the folks around the table that the significant actions we've taken are beginning to work. All of us committed to continue to work on pro-growth economic policies. It's phrased different ways -- fiscal plans -- but the whole point was, was that we recognize that, on the one hand, there's been a severe credit crisis, and on the other hand, our economies are being hit very hard. And so there was a common understanding that all of us should promote pro-growth economic policy.

We also talked about broader reforms -- so in other words, the discussions were focused on today and what we're doing about it, but what are we going to do to make sure it doesn't happen tomorrow.

One of the key achievements was to establish certain principles and take certain actions for adapting our financial systems to the realities of the 21st century. Part of the regulatory structures that are in place were 20th century regulatory structures. And obviously, you know, the financial industry went way beyond them. And the question is, how do we establish good regulatory structure without destroying the incentive to innovate, without destroying the marketplace.

Our nations agree that we must make the markets -- the financial markets more transparent and accountable. Transparency is very important so that investors and regulators are able to know the truth -- considered improving accounting rules, so that investors can understand the true value of the assets they purchase. We agree that we need to improve our regulations and to ensure that markets, firms, and financial products are subject to proper regulation and oversight.

For example, credit default swaps -- financial products that ensure against potential losses -- should be processed through centralized clearinghouses. That's a significant reform. Heretofore, the credit default swaps were traded in over-the-counter, unregulated markets.

Yesterday the Working Group on Financial Markets, which is -- which is obviously associated with the White House, announced an initiative to create these kinds of clearing houses. And I know that other nations are working on them as well. This process will help expedite credit default swaps and other types of instruments not being traded in unregulated, over-the-counter markets.

By bringing greater stability to this important sector, we will help with liquidity, but also mitigate risk.

Third, we agreed that we must enhance the integrity of the financial markets. For example, authorities in every nation should take a fresh look at the rules governing market manipulation and fraud to make sure that investors in all our countries are properly protected. We agree that we must strengthen cooperation among the world's financial authorities. There was a lot of discussion about the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, for example.

Leading nations should make regulations consistent. As well, we should reform the international financial institutions. Again, these institutions have been very important -- the World Bank, IMF -- but they were based on an economic order of 1944. And so to better -- we agreed that to better reflect the realities of today's global economy, both IMF and World Bank should modernize their governance structures. They ought to consider extending greater voting power and representation to developing nations, particularly those who have increased their contributions to the institutions.

All this is an important first step -- in other words, this is a beginning of a series of meetings. People say, well, why don't you have one meeting and, you know, call it Bretton Woods II. Well, Bretton Woods I took two years to prepare. I don't know what you want to call this one, but whatever name comes from this meeting, it took three weeks to prepare. And so it makes sense to come out of here with a firm action plan -- which we have.

It also makes sense to say to people that there is more work to be done and there will be further meetings, sending a clear signal that a meeting is not going to solve the world's problems. A meeting will help begin a process so that we can say over time that we will have a regulatory structure in place that will make this less likely to happen in the future.

And so we've directed our finance ministers to work with other experts and consult with officials in other economies and then report back to the leaders with detailed recommendations. Whatever we do, whatever reforms are recommended, we need to be guided by this simple fact: that the best way to solve our problems and solve the people's problems is for there to be economic growth. And the surest path to that growth is free market capitalism.

Leaders at this summit agreed on some other matters of importance. one is to reject protectionism and refrain from erecting new trade barriers. This is a very important part of this summit. The temptation in times of economic stress will be to say, oh, trade isn't worth it, let's just throw up protective barriers. And yet that attitude was rejected, thankfully. And matter of fact, not only rejected, there is a determined effort to see if we can't complete the modalities for Doha by the end of December.

One of the things I stressed as well is that the United States, in the midst of this financial crisis, will not abandon our commitments to people in the developing world; that the HIV/AIDS initiative, known as PEPFAR, will remain strong and vibrant; that our deep desire to significantly reduce malaria deaths in countries on the continent of Africa will not be diminished; that our obligation to help feed the hungry will not stop; that in the midst of all this turmoil and financial crisis, we will meet our obligations. These obligations are in our national security interests and our economic security interests and they in -- are in our moral interests.

And so I will tell you that I thought this was a very successful summit. And they're going to meet again. I keep saying "they" because some of you may not have heard yet, but I am retiring. But I told the leaders this: that President-Elect Obama's transition team has been fully briefed on what we intended to do here at this meeting. I told them that we will work tirelessly to make sure the transition between my administration and his administration is seamless. And I told them that I hope he succeeds, that it's good for our country that people see a peaceful transfer of power. And I hope it was good for them to hear that even though we're from different political parties, that I believe it's in our country's interest that he succeed.

So I want to thank you for giving me a chance to come and visit with you. Thanks for covering this summit. Goodbye.

END 2:23 P.M. EST

http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2008/11/20081115-5.html